Journal of Defense Resources Management

JoDRM Volume 3, Issue no. 2 (5), October 2012

Pdf Version (full issue)
CONTENTS
I. ARTICLES
THE CONCEPT OF "SMART DEFENSE" IN THE CONTEXT OF AN EFFICIENT DEFENSE PLANNING Teodor FRUNZETI LT GEN, Professor Ph.D., Commandant (Rector), “Carol I” National Defense University, Bucharest, Romania
Abstract
The international security environment is currently undergoing a series of fundamental changes becoming increasingly complex. Consequently, international actors need to find innovative ways to manage security and defense. The global financial and economic crisis has had a strong impact on military budgets, making it necessary for states and regional and international organizations concerned with such issues to streamline their defense planning and the more so because, in addition to the already consecrated risks and security threats, there are also new challenges. The concepts of “pooling and sharing” and “smart defense” have become, in this context, increasingly popular generating new initiatives in defense planning. However, despite some successes in this regard and their presentation as ideal solutions for managing defense in the current context, these concepts involve a number of difficulties to overcome that sometimes may translate into strategic political military and even economic disadvantages.
Keywords
Pooling and Sharing, Smart Defense, Security Challenges, Reductions in Military Budgets, NATO, EU, Prioritization, Cooperation, Specialization
Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 3:2(2012): 3-18. Print
APPLYING SYSTEMS ENGINEERING TO INTERAGENCY COORDINATION IN SUPPORT OF COMBATANT COMMANDS Warren H. BONG, Paul BEERY, Eugene P. PAULO Department of Systems Engineering, Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA, 93940
Abstract
This research addresses interagency coordination from an architectural perspective utilizing a systems engineering process. Interagency coordination is not fully understood and has proven difficult for various U.S. government agencies to replicate. Two examples of successful interagency coordination are used in this analysis: the Joint Interagency Task Force-South (JIATF-South) and Special Operations Forces (SOF) high-value target teams. These organizations are decomposed into their top-level functions and organized by their major physical components. These results are applied in the creation of a notional top-level functional and physical architecture for the U.S. European Command’s new Joint Interagency Counter-Trafficking Center (JICTC).
Keywords
Interagency Coordination, Systems Architecture, Counter-Trafficking
Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 3:2 (2012): 23-40. Print
THE REALITY OF OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN MILITARY OPERATIONS Milan PODHOREC University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic
Abstract
The strategic and operational environment affecting national security is complex, multifaceted and variable. Even in the long term, it will be characterized by high dynamics of changes, the growing diversity of players and increasingly complex interdependence of security trends and factors. Threats, risks and their sources are often difficult to localize and nowadays have mostly non-state and transnational character. Many of the specific threats and their impacts are difficult to predict. It all adds up to a further blurring of distinctions between internal and external national security. The operating environment consists of a set of factors arising from the nature of an area where the operation is carried out or will be. Operating environment is also formed by the character of a potential enemy, possibilities of effecting technological and informational areas and further by terrain, climatic conditions and level of own forces and coalition forces.
Keywords
Operational, Security Environment, Operations, Organization
Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 3:2 (2012): 41-50. Print
TRENDS IN SLOVAK REPUBLIC’S MILITARY SPENDING Milota KUSTROVÁ The Armed Forces Academy of General Milan Rastislav Štefánik, Liptovský Mikuláš, the Slovak Republic
Abstract
The article focuses on the amount of military spending in the Slovak Republic. In the first part, the terms of defense expenditure and military spending are defined. The second part focuses on the evolution of military spending in the Slovak Republic so far and the future prospects, as well as on the structure of military spending. The final part covers the amount of defense expenditure in relation to the objectives and tasks of the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic.
Keywords
Defense, System of Defense, Defense Expenditure, Military Spending, Structure of Military Spending, Strategic Evaluation of Defense
Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 3:2 (2012): 51-56. Print
DEFENSE PROGRAMS RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK Constantin PREDA Risk Manager, NATO Alliance Ground Surveillance Management Agency (NAGSMA), NATO HQ, Brussels, Belgium
Abstract
For the past years defense programs have faced delays in delivering defense capabilities and budget overruns. Stakeholders are looking for ways to improve program management and the decision making process given the very fluid and uncertain economic and political environment. Consequently, they have increasingly resorted to risk management as the main management tool for achieving defense programs objectives and for delivering the defense capabilities strongly needed for the soldiers on the ground on time and within limited defense budgets. Following a risk management based decision-making approach the stakeholders are expected not only to protect program objectives against a wide range of risks but, at the same time, to take advantage of the opportunities to increase the likelihood of program success. The prerequisite for making risk management the main tool for achieving defense programs objectives is the design and implementation of a strong risk management framework as a foundation providing an efficient and effective application of the best risk management practices. The aim of this paper is to examine the risk management framework for defense programs based on the ISO 31000:2009 standard, best risk management practices and the defense programs’ needs and particularities. For the purposes of this article, the term of defense programs refers to joint defense programs.
Keywords
Objectives, Risk Management, Framework, Commitment, Risk Culture, Governance, Benchmark
Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 3:2 (2012): 57-66. Print
ORIENTATION: KEY TO THE OODA LOOP – THE CULTURE FACTOR Donald A. MACCUISH Associate Professor PhD., Strategy, Leadership, and Military Ethics, Air Command and Staff College Maxwell AFB, AL 36112, USA
Abstract
The late Colonel John Boyd developed what he called the OODA-Loop as both a learning and decision making model to help us better understand how we make decisions and learn. His OODA-Loop model consists of non-sequential elements: Observe – Orient – Decide – Action. He contended if one could cycle through these phases quicker and more accurately than one’s adversary you could then get inside your adversary’s OODA-Loop and “win”. The key to the OODA-Loop he noted is Orientation. He only drew one diagram of his OODA-Loop. Only in the Orientation phase did he elaborate component elements. These elements are: Cultural Traditions, Genetic Heritage, Analysis/Synthesis, New Information, and Previous Experience. All of these elements he contended are interconnected. Thus, the interaction of all these factors effects how we orient ourselves to the situation at hand. In this article I will share my view of the “Culture Factor” in Orientation.
Keywords
OODA-Loop, Cultural Traditions, Genetic Heritage, Analysis/Synthesis, New Information, Previous Experience
Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 3:2 (2012): 67-74. Print
KENYA’S CONSTITUTION AND CHILD TRAFFICKING AS A SECURITY THREAT E.O.S. ODHIAMBO , J. KASSILLY , L.T. MAITO , K. ONKWARE , W. A. OBOKA * * 9th Kenya Riffl es (9KR), Moi Barracks, Ministry of State for Defence (MoSD) Dept. of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS), Masinde Muliro University of Science Technology * Dept of Emergency Management and Humanitarian Assistance (EMHA), Masinde Muliro University of Science Technology
Abstract
Human trafficking also referred to as modern-day slavery is seen as a security threat. Traditional security approaches to human trafficking call for analysis of trafficking as a threat to the Kenyan state and to Kenya’s control of its borders. Traditional security analyses of trafficking emphasize border security, migration controls, and international law enforcement cooperation. This article discusses three forms of child trafficking: sexual exploitation, forced labor and child soldiers and argues that the newly promulgated Kenyan constitution in chapter three on citizenship has a provision that can be interpreted as encouraging child trafficking.
Keywords
Child Trafficking, Kenyan Constitution, International Law
Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 3:2 (2012): 75-88. Print
ROMANIA’S PARTICIPATION TO THE AEGIS BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEM AS REFLECTED BY ROMANIAN NEWSPAPERS’ EVALUATIVE DISCOURSE Raluca Mihaela LEVONIAN Lecturer, PhD, University of Calabria, Italy / Teaching Assistant, University of Bucharest
Abstract
This study aims to investigate Romanian media discourse on the current standing of the relations between Romania and the United States of America in the military fi eld. The main topic investigated is connected to Romania’s decision to host the land-based component of the Balllistic Missile Defense System on its ground, an event which attracted signifi cant media coverage during the year 2011. The corpus analyzed consisted of 37 news and opinion items and reports published on the site of three Romanian newspapers. The main research questions were to assess whether the evaluations of this event were positive or negative, who were the actors issuing these statements and what objects were discussed in association to this event. The results showed that positive evaluations were more common than negative evaluations and that the offi cial stances on this topic formed a very coherent perspective, endorsing the project.
Keywords
Stance, Evaluation, Newspaper Discourse, Romania, U.S.A.
Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 3:2 (2012): 89-100. Print
NATO MILITARY COMMITTEE CONFERENCE, SIBIU, 2012: A MAJOR EVENT IN THE LIFE OF THE ALLIANCE Marin ILIE , Gheorghe ION * * LT GEN (ret) professor, PhD, National Defense University “Carol I”, Bucharest, Romania ** COL (ret), PhD,Lawyer, PhD, The Bar of Bucharest, Romania
Abstract
The unfolding of the NATO Military Committee Conference in Sibiu, September 14-16, 2012 marked an important event in the life of the Alliance. The Committee is the highest decision-making forum within NATO and its decisions critically impact the latter’s future. Romania hosted the conference based on a multiannual rotation schedule. Its designation as an organizer is actually an acknowledgment of its credibility as NATO member, as well as of its capacity to undertake such an endevor. The aim of this article is to highlight the role of the Military Committee, as well as the commitments made by Romania as an Alliance member. Thus, this material actually bridges the gap in the coverage of this event at national and international level.
Keywords
Military Committee, NATO, Security, Military Missions
Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 3:2(2012): 101-104. Print
THE ECONOMIC SITUATION IN SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE: A POSSIBLE THREAT TO THE SECURITY SYSTEMS Oana-Andreea PIRNUTA, Dragos Nicolae SECAREA* Senior Lecturer Ph.D., Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania *LUCIAN BLAGA University of Sibiu, Romania
Abstract
The entire world has had to face the draconian effects of the economic recession recently. One of the regions marked by severe economic damages has been South Eastern Europe. The present article aims at analyzing the current economic situation in this particular region by trying to identify the strong and weak points, as well as possible ways to solve these specific issues. This paper lays emphasis upon states, such as: Turkey, Greece and Romania, but also on certain facts about the other states belonging to the previously mentioned region.
Keywords
South Eastern Europe, Economy, Turkey, Greece, Romania, Recession
Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 3:2 (2012): 105-112. Print
CURRENT TRANSATLANTIC PERSPECTIVES ON SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE Florin-Eduard GROSARU Lecturer, Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies, Brasov, Romania
Abstract
South-Eastern Europe is one of the buffer zones of the current international conflict arena given its role into taking up the jolts stemming both from an old and yet democratic and modern Europe, and from a seething, authoritarian and, in many cases, dogmatic Asia. Within the current international environment characterized by swift and unpredictable changes NATO plays an essential part in strengthening the Euroatlantic security. As a result of the Alliance’s determination to model and ensure a solid security environment and a durable peace, the new NATO doctrine develops a strategic concept according to which security strengthening needs to be based on a political-military partnership, as well as on cooperation and dialogue among all states.
Keywords
Security, NATO, Political Options, Partnership, South-Eastern Europe
Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 3:2(2012):113-120. Print
INTERNATIONAL STABILITY AND SECURITY IN CONDITIONS OF POWER ASYMMETRY: PRESENT STATE OF PLAY AND FUTURE TREND Ionel STOICA Ministry of National Defense, Bucharest, Romania
Abstract
Power asymmetry within the international security system can be noticed both at conceptual and practical level. Although it is not a new phenomenon, this asymmetry, which has extended for the past decades, has led to some particular developments that question international security and stability in different ways. States have striven to tackle the consequences of the deepening power asymmetry among them but the success of their endeavors is questionable. This paper analyzes the ways in which power asymmetry propagates within the international security system and its likely consequences for international stability and security in the near future.
Keywords
International Security, Stability, Power Asymmetry, Globalization
Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 3:2(2012):121-130. Print
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN MILITARY ACTIONS: NECESSITY, POSSIBILITIES AND CONSTRAINTS Elena ŞUŞNEA “Carol I” National Defense University, Bucharest, Romania
Abstract
Nowadays, modern organizations cannot resort to the decision-making process without relying on information and communication technology if they want to be successful. Thus, besides information as an important input of this process, the tools and techniques used by decision-makers are equally important in the support and validation of their decisions. All this is also valid for the military organizations and their specific tasks and activities. A fortiori military commanders face some of the most diff cult and high-stake decision issues meaningful not only at the level of the military, but also for the humankind. Under these circumstances and as a result of an increase in the diversity and complexity of conflict situations, in the information and technology means employed by opponents in warfare and in the amount of information needed to be processed in real time, decision support systems become a necessity. Starting from the aforementioned inevitable requirement, the aim of this article is to emphasize the possibilities and constraints in developing an intelligent decision support system that assists commanders in making scientific decisions on time, under the right circumstances, for the right costs.
Keywords
DSS, Military Actions, Management Information Systems
Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 3:2(2012):131-140. Print
CLOUD COMPUTING SECURITY ISSUES Florin OGIGAU-NEAMTIU IT Specialist Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies, Brasov, Romania
Abstract
The term “cloud computing” has been in the spotlights of IT specialists the last years because of its potential to transform this industry. The promised benefits have determined companies to invest great sums of money in researching and developing this domain and great steps have been made towards implementing this technology. Managers have traditionally viewed IT as difficult and expensive and the promise of cloud computing leads many to think that IT will now be easy and cheap. The reality is that cloud computing has simplified some technical aspects of building computer systems, but the myriad challenges facing IT environment still remain. Organizations which consider adopting cloud based services must also understand the many major problems of information policy, including issues of privacy, security, reliability, access, and regulation. The goal of this article is to identify the main security issues and to draw the attention of both decision makers and users to the potential risks of moving data into “the cloud”.
Keywords
Cloud Computing, Security Risks, IT Security, Cloud Models, Services, Cloud Standards, Risk Assessment
Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 3:2(2012):141-148. Print
INTUITION AS A BASIS FOR LEADERSHIP: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND STATISTICAL MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS Daniela BELU Department of Military Sciences and Management, Air Force Academy “Henri Coanda”, Brasov, Romania
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to overview a set of research results concerning the influence a person may have on others by simply using leadership skills. The premise underlying the endeavor is that, in the end, intuition is a basis for leadership. Based on the findings, the definition for leadership suggested by this article runs as follows: the harmony between what one thinks and does. Moreover, the article proposes that this harmony be taught through distinct subject matters at undergraduate level for those who are to obtain a diploma in “organizational management”.
Keywords
Management, Intuition, Leadership, Charisma, Leader, Self-Confidence.
Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 3:2(2012):149-154. Print

II. BOOK REVIEWS
THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS Edited by: Thomas C. Bruneau, Florina Cristiana Matei Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group ISBN 978-0-415-78273-9
Reviewers:
Cezar VASILESCU, Aura CODREANU, Florin-Eduard GROSARU Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies, Brasov, Romania
Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 3:2(2012):155-158. Print
PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDIES IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT Edited by: Pontian Godfrey OKOTH MMUST Press ISBN 9966-779-02-7
Reviewer:
Corporal (Rev’d) E.O.S ODHIAMBO Dept. of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology and Kenya Military Academy (KMA), Ministry of State for Defence (MOSD)
Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 3:2(2012):159-162. Print
SINERGIA INSTRUMENTELOR DE MANAGEMENT Author: Georgel RUSU Paralela 45 Publishing House ISBN 978-973-47-1416-2
Reviewer:
Florin-Eduard GROSARU Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies, Brasov, Romania
Pdf Version Journal of Defense Resources Management 3:2(2012):163-164. Print

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